Hormone Replacement Therapy in Menopausal Woman Increases The Risk of Ductal Carcinoma In Situ

Abstract

Breast cancer globally is most common in women. Cancer can occur due to uncontrolled cell growth. Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) is a malignancy that occurs in the breast duct. The number of new cases of breast cancer according to the American Cancer Society in 2017 reached 252,710 in women and 2,470 cases in men. Estimated to be around 20-25% of these new cases have ductal breast cancer in situ. There are various risk factors that can cause DCIS including demographic, reproductive, biological, habitual and age factors. Menopause becomes one of the risk factors for DCIS because sometimes women with menopause take hormone replacement therapy (HRT). HRT contains estrogen and progesterone. The use of HRT in long term can trigger proliferation of epithelial cells to become uncontrollable, so it can be turn into DCIS and

develop into invasive breast cancer.