Management of 51 Years Old Patient with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Diabetic Retinopathy Through Family Medicine Approach in Sumur Batu Health Center Work Area

Abstract

Degenerative diseases are the number one cause of death in the world. According to data from the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) in 2021, the number of people with diabetes mellitus (DM) in the world currently reaches 537 million adults aged 20-79 years. Around 50% of all DM cases are accompanied by Diabetic Retinopathy (DR). The incidence of DM in Lampung Province is 88,518 people. This figure continues to increase to 89,891 cases in 2022 or an increase of 1.5% compared to 2021. To reduce morbidity and mortality rates, it can be done by implementing family doctor services based on Evidence Based Medicine (EBM). This study is a case report of a 51-year-old female patient with DM and DR. The patient has internal risks, namely the patient rarely exercises, physical activity is relatively light, takes medication irregularly, the Nutritional Adåequacy Level (NAL) is low, still consumes foods that are not recommended for DM patients (consumption of fried foods and sweet drinks), and lacks knowledge. Management of patients is carried out holistically and comprehensively, patient-centered, family approach, and community-based literature based on EBM. Patients are intervened with materials in the form of power points. Patients experience increased knowledge, decreased random blood sugar levels and changes in patient behavior to consume food according to NAL.